View source for Tutorial: Analyzing a model

[[Category:Analytica Tutorial]]
[[Category:  Rent vs. Buy model]]
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This Tutorial page shows you how to do various kinds of sensitivity analysis to see how changes to input assumptions affect the results, including:
* Importance analysis
* One way parametric analysis
* Two-way parametric analysis
* Three-way parametric analysis
* Pivoting a graph or table over multiple dimensions

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<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/scVOq29NMG4" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

'''Tutorial Video:''' [https://youtu.be/scVOq29NMG4 Analyze a model] (6 minutes)
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==The difference between renting and buying==

We use the ''Rent vs. Buy Analysis ''model, a modified version of the model that you used in [[Tutorial: Open a model to browse]] and [[Tutorial: Reviewing a model]].  In this case, however, open the ''Rent vs. Buy Analysis ''model by double-clicking the file labeled '''Rent vs. Buy Analysis.ana'''. This model is the module called ''Model ''that you explored in [[Tutorial: Reviewing a model]] with some additional variables to perform uncertainty analysis. First look at the objective node, ''Difference between buying and renting'':

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.1.png]]|
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Click the ''Difference between buying and renting'' node to select it.|v=25|pt=543,481|path=r-|n=1}}
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Click the '''Result''' button to evaluate it.|v=140|pt=197,43|path=*|n=+}}
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The difference between the two uncertain values is uncertain. It is positive if it costs less to buy, and negative if it costs less rent over the time period.

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.3.png]]|
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Click the '''Diagram''' button to return to the ''Rent vs. Buy Analysis'' '''Diagram''' window.|v=65|pt=10,26|path=t!|n=+}}
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==Importance analysis==

Several of the input variables in the ''Rent vs. Buy Analysis '' model are uncertain, defined as probability distributions.  It's useful to see how much of the uncertainty is in the result, in this case the ''Difference between buying and renting'' is due to each of these uncertain inputs.   [[Importance analysis]] is an easy way to do this.  Typically, a few key uncertain inputs are responsible for the lion’s share of the uncertainty in the output, while the rest of the inputs have little impact.  If so,  you can then focus your efforts on getting more precise estimates or building a more detailed model for those few most “important” inputs.

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.6.png]]|
{{CalloutAnnotation|
Select the node ''Difference between buying and renting importance.''|v=25|pt=543,587|path=r-|n=1}}
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Click the '''Result''' button to display importance values.|v=140|pt=197,43|path=*|n=+}}
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Importance is defined on a relative scale from 0 to 1. An importance value of 0 indicates that the uncertain input variable has no effect on the uncertainty in the output. A importance of 1 implies that you can "blame" all of the uncertainty in the output on that single input. Technically, it computes importance as the Rank correlation (also known as Spearman's correlation) between the output value and each uncertain input, using the [[RankCorrel]] function. 

:[[File:Chapter 3.6b.png]]

We can see that the input ''Appreciation Rate'' contributes most of the uncertainty to the ''Difference between buying and renting''.

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.8.png]]|
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Click the '''Diagram''' button to return to the ''Rent vs. Buy Analysis'' '''Diagram''' window.|v=65|pt=10,26|path=t!|n=+}}
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For more information on how to create an importance variable in your own model see [[importance analysis]] and also [[Scatter plots]] in [[Statistics, Sensitivity, and Uncertainty Analysis]].

==Parametric analysis==

'''Parametric analysis''' involves varying the value of an input variable to examine its effect on a selected output. It helps you see how an input affects the desired outcome.  Since the [[importance analysis]] you just did found that ''Appreciation rate ''caused most of the uncertainty in ''Difference between buying and renting'', let's  start the parametric analysis with that input variable. You want to change the Definition of ''Appreciation rate''’ from a probability distribution to a list of alternative values.

# Click the edit button [[File:Chapter 3.10a.png]] in the toolbar to switch into edit mode. Then you can modify the model: adding and removing nodes, and modifying existing nodes. 
# Click the key icon [[File:Chapter 3.10b.png]] to open the [[Attribute panel]]
# Click the ''Appreciation rate ''node to select it
# Select '''Definition '''from the [[Attribute dropdown menu]] to view its definition.

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Click the '''edit''' button to enter edit mode.|v=35|pt=464,43|path=r-|n=1}}
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{{CalloutAnnotation|
Select the ''Appreciation rate'' node.|v=50|pt=330,103|path=r-|n=+}}
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Select '''Definition''' from the Attribute popup menu to view its definition.|v=140|pt=289,404|path=*|n=+}}
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Expression popup menu⠀|Type=Bare|v=470|pt=511,419|path=r-}}
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When the Definition [[attributes|attribute]] is displayed, it shows the [[Expression popup menu]] [[File:Chapter 3.10c.png]], currently showing a probability distribution. You can press this to show a menu that lets you change the [[definition]] to any of these types of expression:
* Expression, or mathematical formula [[File:Chapter 3.10d.png]]
* List [[File:Chapter 3.10e.png]]
* List of Text [[File:Chapter 3.10f.png]]
* Table [[File:Chapter 3.10g.png]]
* Probability table [[File:Chapter 3.10g.png]]
* Distribution [[File:Chapter 3.10c.png]]
* Choice [[File:Chapter 3.10h.png]]

For now, you want to change the definition of ''Appreciation rate'' from a probability distribution to a list. Then you can enter a list of  values from -10% to 10%.

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.11.png]]|
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While pressing on the Expression popup menu, drag the mouse to '''List''', and release the mouse button to select '''List'''.|v=0|pt=490,182|path=b!|n=+}}
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{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.12.png]]|
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Click the '''OK''' button or press the ''Enter'' key to confirm that you want to change the definition from a distribution to a list.|v=0|pt=189,196|path=b!|n=+}}
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Note that the icon on the [[Expression popup menu]] has changed to '''List''' [[File:Chapter 3.10e.png]].

After selecting a list, the definition shows a single cell ⁠— a box ⁠— containing the previous definition ⁠— in this case, a [[normal]] distribution <code>Normal(Inflation,3)</code>

Now replace it with a number, say -10:

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.13.png]]|
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Select the cell by clicking in it. Type the value '''''-10''''' and press the ''Enter'' key.|v=17|pt=31,63|path=r-|n=+}}
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To add another cell to the list, 
* Press the ''Enter'' key or ''down arrow'' key (not the numeric keypad Enter key). The next cell contains -9 (adding 1 to the previous value). 
* Change its value to -5. 
* Press ''Enter'' again, and it shows 0. The number in the new cell increments the previous cell by the difference between the last two cells, in this case by 5 ⁠— resulting in zero.
* Press ''Enter'' twice more, and it adds cells with 5 and 10. You can always override the automatic value by typing in something else.

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.14.png]]|
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Type '''''-5''''', followed by the ''Enter'' key. '''''0''''' automatically appears. Press the ''Enter'' key two more times; automatically, '''''5''''' and '''''10''''' appear.|v=12|pt=31,87|path=r-|n=+}}
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{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.15.png]]|
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Select the ''Present value of buying and renting'' node.|v=50|pt=526,261|path=r-|n=+}}
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{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.16.png]]|
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Select '''Mid Value''' from the '''Result''' menu.|v=62|pt=307,99|path=r-|n=+}}
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Pivot the graph as follows:

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.17.png]]|
{{CalloutAnnotation|
Select '''Appreciation rate''' for the '''Horizontal Axis'''.|v=0|pt=230,92|path=*|n=+}}
{{CalloutAnnotation|
Select '''Buy or rent''' for the '''Key'''.|v=122|pt=230,125|path=*|n=+}}
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The resulting graph shows the [[mid]] value of buying and renting as ''Appreciation rate'' varies from -10% to 10%, using the list of values you just entered. You can see that   renting and buying costs about the same at an ''Appreciation rate'' of -5% per year ⁠— the '''switchover value'''. It would be cheaper to rent if  the ''Appreciation rate'' is less than -5%. And it would be cheaper to buy if it is greater than -5%.

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.18-updated.png]]|
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Click the '''Table''' button to view the result as a table.|v=53|pt=17,90|path=r-|n=+}}
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Click the '''Diagram''' button to return to the ''Rent vs. Buy Analysis'' '''''Diagram''''' window.|v=80|pt=11,25|path=t!|n=+}}
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The table shows the values computed for each parameterized value of ''Appreciation rate''.
''Appreciation rate'' acts as an '''''index''''' ⁠— that is, a dimension of the table (array) of values in the ''Costs of buying and renting''. You'll learn a lot more about indexes and arrays, a key source of Analytica's flexibility and power,  in [[Tutorial: Arrays]].


== Two-way parametric analysis ==

You can extend this parametric sensitivity analysis to two variables. In this cased, let's look at the effects of changing  ''Buying price'' along with ''Appreciation rate''.

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.20-updated.png]]|
{{CalloutAnnotation|
Select the ''Buying price'' node.|v=30|pt=68,125|path=b!|n=1}}
{{CalloutAnnotation|Select '''List''' from the Expression popup menu.

Analytica asks you to confirm that you want to make this selection.|v=132|pt=464,441|path=*|n=+}}
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{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.12.png]]|
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Click the '''OK''' button to proceed.|v=0|pt=189,196|path=b!|n=+}}
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The first cell in this list contains the expression for the previous definition, 140K. Now change this value, and add additional cells, as you did for ''Appreciation rate''.

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.22-updated.png]]|
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Click in the cell to select it. Type '''''120K''''' and press the ''Enter'' key.|v=17|pt=38,64|path=r-|n=+}}
{{CalloutAnnotation|Type '''''140K''''' and press the ''Enter'' key.

'''''160K''''' is automatically entered in the next cell.|v=125|pt=38,87|path=*|n=+}}
}}

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.23-updated.png]]|
{{CalloutAnnotation|
Select the ''Difference between buying and renting'' node.|v=41|pt=521,380|path=r-|n=+}}
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Select '''Mid Value''' from the '''Result''' menu to recompute and display its value.|v=150|pt=301,645|path=b!|n=+}}
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The [[Result window]] displays the variable’s mid value. The ''Difference between buying and renting variable'' now shows three curves over  ''Appreciation rate'', one for each ''Buying price''. The key shows the value of ''Buying price'' for each curve by color.

The graph shows that a $160K home, coupled with an appreciation rate of -2%/year or less, or a $140K home, coupled with an appreciation rate of -6%/year or less, results in renting being cheaper than buying. What is the best buy, a $120K home or a $160K home? That depends on the appreciation rate. If you expect an appreciation rate less than 9% per year, the less expensive home is the better investment. The more expensive home gives a larger return only for an appreciation rate over 9%.

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Click the '''Diagram''' button to return to the ''Rent vs. Buy Analysis'' '''''Diagram''''' window.|v=80|pt=11,25|path=t!|n=+}}
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=== Three-way parametric analysis ===

So far the ''Cost of renting'' has been held constant. What happens if we change that too?

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Select the ''Difference between buying and renting'' node.|v=41|pt=521,260|path=r-|n=+}}
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Select '''Mid Value''' from the '''Result''' menu to recompute and display its value.|v=150|pt=301,645|path=b!|n=+}}
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Navigating arrows⠀|Type=Bare|v=41|pt=214,78|path=r-}}
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Navigating arrows⠀|Type=Bare|v=41|pt=395,78|path=r-}}
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The result has now has three dimensions, ''Buying price'', ''Buy or rent,'' and ''Appreciation rate''. It shows two dimension in the graph, ''Appreciation rate'' along the X axis, and ''Buy or rent,'' in the Key.  The third dimension ''Buying price'' is shown at the top of the graph as a slicer dimension, currently set to '''$120K'''. 

* Click the diagonal arrows to change the ''Buying price'' in the slicer index.

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.28-updated.png]]|
{{CalloutAnnotation|
Click the down arrow to display a scrolling list of alternative values for the variable.|v=0|pt=214,78|path=r-|n=+}}
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{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.29-updated.png]]|
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Click '''160K''' to select it.|v=80|pt=237,183|path=b!|n=+}}
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The graph now show the [[mid]] value of ''Costs of buying and renting'' given that the ''Buying price'' equals '''$160K'''.

=== Pivot a 3-dimensional graph or table ==

You can pivot the graph (or table) by selecting different variables to show in the X-axis, Key, or Slicer:

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.30-updated.png]]|
{{CalloutAnnotation|
Click the '''Table''' button to see the table view.|v=52|pt=15,88|path=r-|n=+}}
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{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.31-updated.png]]|
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Row index popup menu⠀|Type=Bare|v=109|pt=73,119|path=r-}}
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Column index popup menu⠀|Type=Bare|v=131|pt=121,151|path=r-}}
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{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.32-updated.png]]|
{{CalloutAnnotation|Select ''Buying Price ($)'' from the Row index popup menu.


''Buy or Rent'' becomes the third dimension with one value (buy) displayed.|v=35|pt=89,126|path=r-|n=+}}
}}

This table shows the [[mid]] value cost of buying for the parameterized values of ''Buying Price'' and ''Appreciation Rate''.

{{CalloutAnnotationBlock|[[image:Chapter 3.33-updated.png]]|
{{CalloutAnnotation|
Click the navigating arrow to show the corresponding table for ''Rent''.|v=0|pt=360,79|path=r-|n=+}}
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This table confirms that ''Cost to Rent'' does not vary with ''Buying Price'' or ''Appreciation rate'' ⁠— no surprise when you think about it!

:[[File:Chapter 3.34-updated.png]]

You can quit Analytica at this point.

==Summary==
This page showed several approaches to sensitivity analysis to find out how changes in key variables affect the results.
The next page shows you how to create a new Analytica model.

==See Also==
*  [https://www.analyticacloud.com/acp/Client/AcpClient.aspx?inviteId=3&inviteCode=221703&subName=acp%20demos Play the Rent vs. Buy model in Analytica Cloud Player]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scVOq29NMG4 Analyzing a model] (en explanatory video on YouTube)
* [[Example Models]]
* [[Example Models and Libraries]]
* [[Comparing results]]
* [[Importance analysis]]
* [[Parametric analysis]]
* [[Statistics, Sensitivity, and Uncertainty Analysis]]
* [[Sensitivity analysis functions]]
* [[The Sensitivity Analysis Library]]
* [[Tornado Plots]]
* [[Tutorial videos]]
  

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